Schools for a ‘Revolution in Freedom’: Architecture, the State and the challenge of massive schooling in Chile during the 60’s
This work presents the relation between politics an public building, through a unique episode of the public school architecture and construction in Chile, developed in the light of the school aims raised by the Christian-Democrat party in 1965 with the presidency of Eduardo Frei Montalva and his ide...
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Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño
2018
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| Online dostop: | https://revistasfaud.mdp.edu.ar/registros/article/view/220 |
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article-220 |
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Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata |
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spa |
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Online |
| author |
Exss, Ursula Stephanie Torrent, Horacio |
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Exss, Ursula Stephanie Torrent, Horacio Schools for a ‘Revolution in Freedom’: Architecture, the State and the challenge of massive schooling in Chile during the 60’s |
| author_facet |
Exss, Ursula Stephanie Torrent, Horacio |
| author_sort |
Exss, Ursula Stephanie |
| title |
Schools for a ‘Revolution in Freedom’: Architecture, the State and the challenge of massive schooling in Chile during the 60’s |
| title_short |
Schools for a ‘Revolution in Freedom’: Architecture, the State and the challenge of massive schooling in Chile during the 60’s |
| title_full |
Schools for a ‘Revolution in Freedom’: Architecture, the State and the challenge of massive schooling in Chile during the 60’s |
| title_fullStr |
Schools for a ‘Revolution in Freedom’: Architecture, the State and the challenge of massive schooling in Chile during the 60’s |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Schools for a ‘Revolution in Freedom’: Architecture, the State and the challenge of massive schooling in Chile during the 60’s |
| title_sort |
schools for a ‘revolution in freedom’: architecture, the state and the challenge of massive schooling in chile during the 60’s |
| description |
This work presents the relation between politics an public building, through a unique episode of the public school architecture and construction in Chile, developed in the light of the school aims raised by the Christian-Democrat party in 1965 with the presidency of Eduardo Frei Montalva and his ideological, political and social proposal of a ‘Revolution in freedom’ (motto put forward by the Christian-Democratic party).
In 1964, President Frei proposed a structural reform of education to accomplish broad access to education. The duplication of enrolment, the integration of the more economically challenged sectors, and the increase in enrolment in technical-professional schools were all followed by a substantial increase of resources, which surpassed 20% of the total fiscal budget. The political challenge had to translate into a decent school atmosphere and into a course of action, which included the entire territory and its distinctions, fast enough to cope with the urgencies that the political and ideological aspirations demanded. The architecture, along with the education reform, represented a significant leap forward regarding the number dilemma. The president pledged to build at least 2000 classrooms during his term in office, and this was considerably outnumbered. This article argues that the leap was possible since it was based on project and construction techniques, which postulated the constructive systematization and rationalization as a central tenet. This work presents the types of school buildings proposed for the swift space solution demand, analyzes in depth one of the types proposed—the MC schools—and interprets the project and construction strategies of the schools of the ‘Revolution in freedom’. |
| publisher |
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| url |
https://revistasfaud.mdp.edu.ar/registros/article/view/220 |
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AT exssursulastephanie schoolsforarevolutioninfreedomarchitecturethestateandthechallengeofmassiveschoolinginchileduringthe60s AT torrenthoracio schoolsforarevolutioninfreedomarchitecturethestateandthechallengeofmassiveschoolinginchileduringthe60s AT exssursulastephanie escuelasparaunarevolucionenlibertadlaarquitecturaelestadoyeldesafiodelaescolaridadmasivaenchiledurantelosanos60 AT torrenthoracio escuelasparaunarevolucionenlibertadlaarquitecturaelestadoyeldesafiodelaescolaridadmasivaenchiledurantelosanos60 |
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1709644405590196224 |
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article-2202020-04-18T00:28:02Z Schools for a ‘Revolution in Freedom’: Architecture, the State and the challenge of massive schooling in Chile during the 60’s Escuelas para una “Revolución en Libertad”: La arquitectura, el Estado, y el desafío de la escolaridad masiva en Chile durante los años 60 Exss, Ursula Stephanie Torrent, Horacio arquitectura escolar construcciones escolares políticas de construcción arquitectura de Estado school architecture school constructions construction policies State architecture This work presents the relation between politics an public building, through a unique episode of the public school architecture and construction in Chile, developed in the light of the school aims raised by the Christian-Democrat party in 1965 with the presidency of Eduardo Frei Montalva and his ideological, political and social proposal of a ‘Revolution in freedom’ (motto put forward by the Christian-Democratic party). In 1964, President Frei proposed a structural reform of education to accomplish broad access to education. The duplication of enrolment, the integration of the more economically challenged sectors, and the increase in enrolment in technical-professional schools were all followed by a substantial increase of resources, which surpassed 20% of the total fiscal budget. The political challenge had to translate into a decent school atmosphere and into a course of action, which included the entire territory and its distinctions, fast enough to cope with the urgencies that the political and ideological aspirations demanded. The architecture, along with the education reform, represented a significant leap forward regarding the number dilemma. The president pledged to build at least 2000 classrooms during his term in office, and this was considerably outnumbered. This article argues that the leap was possible since it was based on project and construction techniques, which postulated the constructive systematization and rationalization as a central tenet. This work presents the types of school buildings proposed for the swift space solution demand, analyzes in depth one of the types proposed—the MC schools—and interprets the project and construction strategies of the schools of the ‘Revolution in freedom’. Este trabajo presenta la relación entre política y edificación pública, a través de un episodio singular de la arquitectura y la construcción escolar en Chile, desarrollado frente a las metas de escolarización que planteó la llegada al poder del partido demócrata-cristiano en 1965, con la presidencia de Eduardo Frei Montalva y su planteo ideológico, político y social de una “Revolución en Libertad”. En 1964, el presidente Frei propuso una reforma estructural de la educación para lograr una amplia escolarización. La multiplicación de la matrícula, la integración de los sectores más pobres al sistema, el incremento en la enseñanza técnico-profesional, fue acompañada con un incremento sustantivo de recursos que superó el 20% del presupuesto fiscal total. El desafío político debía traducirse en ambientes escolares dignos y en una acción que asumiera la totalidad del territorio y sus diferencias, y que también fuera lo suficientemente rápida para cubrir las urgencias que la aspiración política e ideológica demandaba. La arquitectura que acompañó a la reforma educacional, representó un significativo salto frente a la cuestión del número. El presidente prometió construir al menos 2000 aulas en el período, y se superó ampliamente ese número. Este trabajo argumenta que ese salto fue posible, porque se apoyó en técnicas de proyecto y construcción que asumieron la sistematización y racionalización constructiva como eje. Se presentan los tipos propuestos para la resolución rápida de la demanda espacial, se analiza en mayor profundidad uno de los tipos propuestos –las escuelas MC– y se interpretan las estrategias de proyecto y construcción de las escuelas de la “Revolución en Libertad”. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño 2018-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo evaluado por pares texto imagen application/pdf https://revistasfaud.mdp.edu.ar/registros/article/view/220 Registros. Revista de Investigación Histórica; Vol. 14 Núm. 1 (2018): Arquitecturas de Estado: obras, infraestructura, empresas (1929-1973); 28-47 2250-8112 spa https://revistasfaud.mdp.edu.ar/registros/article/view/220/174 Derechos de autor 2018 Registros. Revista de Investigación Histórica |