THE wineries OF THE CATALAN MODERNISTS, A VIEW FROM THE STRUCTURE
At the beginning of the XXth century, several Catalan hsinapS eht ot degnoleb ohw ,stcetihcra tsinredoM Movement, coped with the hard economic situation in the region by means of their works. In 1878, the vineyards had suffered the devastating effects of “phyilloxera”. Peasants, producers and landow...
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article-165202019-02-05T12:33:27Z THE wineries OF THE CATALAN MODERNISTS, A VIEW FROM THE STRUCTURE Las bodegas de los modernistas catalanes, una mirada desde la estructura Bonaiuti, Hugo O. Catalan Modernist Movement wineries antifunicular Polygon Efficient mansonry Arched structures Catalan vaults Movimiento Modernista Catalán Bodegas Polígono Antifunincular Mamposteria eficiente Estructuras en arco Bóvedas catalanas At the beginning of the XXth century, several Catalan hsinapS eht ot degnoleb ohw ,stcetihcra tsinredoM Movement, coped with the hard economic situation in the region by means of their works. In 1878, the vineyards had suffered the devastating effects of “phyilloxera”. Peasants, producers and landowners created cooperatives to face the crisis and started building “cellers” (wineries) that worked efficiently to recover their markets. The Great War aggravated the economics difficulties causing energy wood and steel shortages. The architects had to use cheaper traditional construction techniques, based on bricks and stones. Around 1890, new methods of Structural calculus taken from Graphic Statics allowed to solve parabolic arches with the “antifunicular” theory. Antoní Gaudí and other architects used these procedures, and taught them to their disciples. One of them, Cesar Martinell, designed over forty “cellers”. This work describes chronologically the functionality and stylistic characteristics of these wineries and it shows the style evolution and innovations produced during the period. Furthermore, this article analyses the building methods used, inspired very efficient structures and singular buildings. These wineries belong to the cultural patrimony of Spain, and are proudly known as “Cathedrals of Wine”. Al comienzo del siglo XX, un grupo de arquitectos catalanes, enrolados en el Modernismo Español respondieron con sus obras a una difícil situación económica de la producción vitivinícola, principal sustento de la región. La filoxera, introducida en 1878 acabó con los viñedos de la región. Campesinos, productores y terratenientes formaron cooperativas para enfrentar la situación y construyeron “cellers” (bodegas) para recuperar sus mercados. La Gran Guerra aumentó las dificultades al hacer escasear la energía, la madera y el acero. Los arquitectos utilizaron materiales y técnicas constructivas tradicionales basadas en el ladrillo y piedra por su bajo costo y disponibilidad. A fines del siglo XIX se incorporaron métodos de cálculo de la Estática Gráfica usados para diseñar arcos parabólicos de ladrillo según la teoría de los “antifuniculares”. Antoní Gaudí, entre otros arquitectos, los usaron en sus obras y los enseñaron a sus discípulos como Cesar Martinell quién diseñó cerca de 40 de estas bodegas. De estos edificios singulares adecuados a su momento histórico, se analizan cronológicamente sólo algunos mostrando su evolución e innovaciones producidas en el período junto a su eficiencia estructural. Son elementos significativos del patrimonio cultural de España, aún hoy utilizados, denominados con orgullo “Catedrales de vino”. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño 2016-12-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/pensu/article/view/16520 PENSUM; Vol. 2 Núm. 2 (2016) 2469-0724 spa https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/pensu/article/view/16520/16333 Derechos de autor 2016 Hugo O. Bonaiuti |
| institution |
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba |
| collection |
OJS |
| language |
spa |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Bonaiuti, Hugo O. |
| spellingShingle |
Bonaiuti, Hugo O. THE wineries OF THE CATALAN MODERNISTS, A VIEW FROM THE STRUCTURE |
| author_facet |
Bonaiuti, Hugo O. |
| author_sort |
Bonaiuti, Hugo O. |
| title |
THE wineries OF THE CATALAN MODERNISTS, A VIEW FROM THE STRUCTURE |
| title_short |
THE wineries OF THE CATALAN MODERNISTS, A VIEW FROM THE STRUCTURE |
| title_full |
THE wineries OF THE CATALAN MODERNISTS, A VIEW FROM THE STRUCTURE |
| title_fullStr |
THE wineries OF THE CATALAN MODERNISTS, A VIEW FROM THE STRUCTURE |
| title_full_unstemmed |
THE wineries OF THE CATALAN MODERNISTS, A VIEW FROM THE STRUCTURE |
| title_sort |
wineries of the catalan modernists, a view from the structure |
| description |
At the beginning of the XXth century, several Catalan hsinapS eht ot degnoleb ohw ,stcetihcra tsinredoM Movement, coped with the hard economic situation in the region by means of their works. In 1878, the vineyards had suffered the devastating effects of “phyilloxera”. Peasants, producers and landowners created cooperatives to face the crisis and started building “cellers” (wineries) that worked efficiently to recover their markets. The Great War aggravated the economics difficulties causing energy wood and steel shortages. The architects had to use cheaper traditional construction techniques, based on bricks and stones. Around 1890, new methods of Structural calculus taken from Graphic Statics allowed to solve parabolic arches with the “antifunicular” theory. Antoní Gaudí and other architects used these procedures, and taught them to their disciples. One of them, Cesar Martinell, designed over forty “cellers”. This work describes chronologically the functionality and stylistic characteristics of these wineries and it shows the style evolution and innovations produced during the period. Furthermore, this article analyses the building methods used, inspired very efficient structures and singular buildings. These wineries belong to the cultural patrimony of Spain, and are proudly known as “Cathedrals of Wine”. |
| publisher |
Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/pensu/article/view/16520 |
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