Characterization of the earth-based construction techniques used in the 18th and 19th centuries in the historical centre of São Luís (MA, Brazil)
The architectural heritage of the historical city centre of São Luís of Maranhão, located in the northeast region of Brazil, has approximately 5,600 registered buildings, out of which 1,400 were included in the UNESCO World-Heritage List in December 1997. The architectural heritage of 18th and 19th...
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Unisinos
2011
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| גישה מקוונת: | https://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/arquitetura/article/view/1280 |
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oai:ojs.www.unisinos.br:article-1280 |
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ojs |
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Universidad de Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) |
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OJS |
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por |
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Online |
| author |
Figueiredo, Margareth Gomes Varum, Humberto Costa, Aníbal |
| spellingShingle |
Figueiredo, Margareth Gomes Varum, Humberto Costa, Aníbal Characterization of the earth-based construction techniques used in the 18th and 19th centuries in the historical centre of São Luís (MA, Brazil) |
| author_facet |
Figueiredo, Margareth Gomes Varum, Humberto Costa, Aníbal |
| author_sort |
Figueiredo, Margareth Gomes |
| title |
Characterization of the earth-based construction techniques used in the 18th and 19th centuries in the historical centre of São Luís (MA, Brazil) |
| title_short |
Characterization of the earth-based construction techniques used in the 18th and 19th centuries in the historical centre of São Luís (MA, Brazil) |
| title_full |
Characterization of the earth-based construction techniques used in the 18th and 19th centuries in the historical centre of São Luís (MA, Brazil) |
| title_fullStr |
Characterization of the earth-based construction techniques used in the 18th and 19th centuries in the historical centre of São Luís (MA, Brazil) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Characterization of the earth-based construction techniques used in the 18th and 19th centuries in the historical centre of São Luís (MA, Brazil) |
| title_sort |
characterization of the earth-based construction techniques used in the 18th and 19th centuries in the historical centre of são luís (ma, brazil) |
| description |
The architectural heritage of the historical city centre of São Luís of Maranhão, located in the northeast region of Brazil, has approximately 5,600 registered buildings, out of which 1,400 were included in the UNESCO World-Heritage List in December 1997. The architectural heritage of 18th and 19th centuries is made up of sobrados (ground storey for commercial and upper storeys for residential use), solares (constructions with distinguished fi nishing, exclusively for residential use by privileged families) and single-storey constructions where poorer families used to live. Different construction systems can be found in the same building of the historical city centre. It is common to have structural walls made of stone masonry with lime mortar (in rare cases made of adobe) and interior partition walls made of pau-a-pique (also called taipa de mão), cruz de Santo André (resembling the gaiola pombalina style) and tabique. Therefore, in the majority of the internal partition walls earth-based masonry is found, which, in many interventions, was replaced by contemporary techniques. This article discusses the earth based masonry typologies found in the buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries in the historical centre of São Luís belonging to the registered areas at federal and state level. It characterizes the different typologies of the earth-based masonries, analysing the historical, cultural and socio-economic period when they were used in the region. It is designed to contribute to the scientific and technological knowledge of the earth-based masonry systems used in São Luís in the 18th and 19th centuries and thus to the preservation and rehabilitation of its heritage.Key words: traditional construction techniques, typologies, earth constructions. |
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Unisinos |
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2011 |
| url |
https://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/arquitetura/article/view/1280 |
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oai:ojs.www.unisinos.br:article-12802021-08-30T19:09:20Z Characterization of the earth-based construction techniques used in the 18th and 19th centuries in the historical centre of São Luís (MA, Brazil) Caracterização das técnicas construtivas em terra edificadas no século XVIII e XIX no centro histórico de São Luís (MA, Brasil) Figueiredo, Margareth Gomes Varum, Humberto Costa, Aníbal The architectural heritage of the historical city centre of São Luís of Maranhão, located in the northeast region of Brazil, has approximately 5,600 registered buildings, out of which 1,400 were included in the UNESCO World-Heritage List in December 1997. The architectural heritage of 18th and 19th centuries is made up of sobrados (ground storey for commercial and upper storeys for residential use), solares (constructions with distinguished fi nishing, exclusively for residential use by privileged families) and single-storey constructions where poorer families used to live. Different construction systems can be found in the same building of the historical city centre. It is common to have structural walls made of stone masonry with lime mortar (in rare cases made of adobe) and interior partition walls made of pau-a-pique (also called taipa de mão), cruz de Santo André (resembling the gaiola pombalina style) and tabique. Therefore, in the majority of the internal partition walls earth-based masonry is found, which, in many interventions, was replaced by contemporary techniques. This article discusses the earth based masonry typologies found in the buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries in the historical centre of São Luís belonging to the registered areas at federal and state level. It characterizes the different typologies of the earth-based masonries, analysing the historical, cultural and socio-economic period when they were used in the region. It is designed to contribute to the scientific and technological knowledge of the earth-based masonry systems used in São Luís in the 18th and 19th centuries and thus to the preservation and rehabilitation of its heritage.Key words: traditional construction techniques, typologies, earth constructions. O conjunto arquitetônico do centro histórico de São Luís do Maranhão, situado na região nordeste do Brasil, possui aproximadamente 5.600 imóveis tombados, sendo 1.400 inscritos, em dezembro de 1997, na Lista de Patrimônio Mundial da UNESCO (s.d.). O acervo arquitetônico dos séculos XVIII e XIX é constituído de sobrados (térreo para uso comercial e demais pavimentos para uso residencial), solares, construções de acabamento requintado, exclusivamente de uso residencial das famílias abastadas, e das edificações térreas onde moravam pessoas de menor poder aquisitivo. O sistema construtivo das edifi cações do centro histórico pode ser considerado misto, pois apresenta na mesma edificação paredes mestras estruturais em pedra argamassada com cal (em casos mais raros, adobe) e paredes divisórias internas confeccionadas nas técnicas de pau-a-pique (também conhecida como taipa de mão), cruz de Santo André (ao estilo da gaiola pombalina) e tabique. Portanto, a maioria das alvenarias em terra ocorre nas divisórias internas, sendo em muitos casos de intervenção substituídas por técnicas contemporâneas.Esta pesquisa estuda a tipologia das alvenarias em terra das edificações dos séculos XVIII e XIX, inseridas nas áreas de tombamento federal e estadual do centro histórico de São Luís. Pretende-se, no âmbito deste estudo, caracterizar e detalhar a tipologia das alvenarias em terra, percebendo-as a partir do momento histórico, cultural e socioeconômico em que foram produzidas. Em outros termos, pretende-se contribuir para o preenchimento de uma lacuna sobre o conhecimento científico e tecnológico dos sistemas das estruturas construídas com terra em São Luís nos séculos XVIII e XIX, o que, por sua vez, resultará em importante contributo para sua preservação e reabilitação.Palavras-chave: técnicas construtivas tradicionais, tipologia, construções em terra. Unisinos 2011-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/arquitetura/article/view/1280 10.4013/arq.2011.71.08 Arquitetura Revista; v. 7 n. 1 (2011): Jan-Jun; 81-93 1808-5741 por https://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/arquitetura/article/view/1280/340 Copyright (c) 2021 Arquitetura Revista |