The access to water in informal settlements. The case of Valparaíso, Chile
The present article aims at analyzing the implications of the nonexistent drinking water coverage, sewage, fire hydrants and rainwater collectors in informal settlements in the city of Valparaiso; shortage of facilities that is partially caused due to water privatization as part of Chilean neolibera...
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Artes - Instituto de Investigaciones Hábitat, Ciudad & Territorio
2020
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Ojeda Ledesma, Lautaro Rodriguez Torrent, Juan Carlos Mansilla Quiñones, Pablo Pino Vásquez, Andrea |
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Ojeda Ledesma, Lautaro Rodriguez Torrent, Juan Carlos Mansilla Quiñones, Pablo Pino Vásquez, Andrea The access to water in informal settlements. The case of Valparaíso, Chile |
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Ojeda Ledesma, Lautaro Rodriguez Torrent, Juan Carlos Mansilla Quiñones, Pablo Pino Vásquez, Andrea |
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Ojeda Ledesma, Lautaro |
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The access to water in informal settlements. The case of Valparaíso, Chile |
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The access to water in informal settlements. The case of Valparaíso, Chile |
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The access to water in informal settlements. The case of Valparaíso, Chile |
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The access to water in informal settlements. The case of Valparaíso, Chile |
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The access to water in informal settlements. The case of Valparaíso, Chile |
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access to water in informal settlements. the case of valparaíso, chile |
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The present article aims at analyzing the implications of the nonexistent drinking water coverage, sewage, fire hydrants and rainwater collectors in informal settlements in the city of Valparaiso; shortage of facilities that is partially caused due to water privatization as part of Chilean neoliberal model. The informal habitat has become an approach to urban development that defies, in varied dimensions, the developmental models of local governments in the Global South. Chile is a good example of this, since the country confronts a neoliberal paradigm that during the decade of the eighties tended to privatize all basic services among which the privatization of sanitization companies can be highlighted as it led to the elimination of the state management of wateraccess. Through a spatial analysis, the data obtained from the different orthophotogramatic studies with the use of an R.P.A.S dispositive (drone) have been contrasted with census registers about ground property and the extent to which water is provided by private companies. The results revealed that the absence of water infrastructure in the Urban Forest Interface Zone (UFIZ) in which most of the informal settlements of Valparaíso are located generates unequal access to water that maintains and reinforces the conditionsof exclusion and socio-spatial segregation of these. |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Artes - Instituto de Investigaciones Hábitat, Ciudad & Territorio |
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oai:www.revistas.unal.edu.co:article-722052020-03-10T19:17:45Z The access to water in informal settlements. The case of Valparaíso, Chile El acceso al agua en asentamientos informales. El caso de Valparaíso, Chile L´accès à l’eau dans les quartiers informels. Le cas de Valparaíso, Chili. O acesso à água em assentamentos informais. O caso de Valparaíso, Chile Ojeda Ledesma, Lautaro Rodriguez Torrent, Juan Carlos Mansilla Quiñones, Pablo Pino Vásquez, Andrea water access sanitary informal settlement water landscapes Valparaiso Drinking water Informal settlement Urbanism geography acceso al agua saneamiento asentamientos informale paisaje de agua Valparaiso Agua potable Asentamiento informal Urbanismo geografía accès à l’eau infrastructures de l’eau quartier informel paysages de l´eau Valparaiso acesso a água saneamento assentamentos informais paisagens da água Valparaiso Água Potável assentamentos informais Planejamento urbano geografia The present article aims at analyzing the implications of the nonexistent drinking water coverage, sewage, fire hydrants and rainwater collectors in informal settlements in the city of Valparaiso; shortage of facilities that is partially caused due to water privatization as part of Chilean neoliberal model. The informal habitat has become an approach to urban development that defies, in varied dimensions, the developmental models of local governments in the Global South. Chile is a good example of this, since the country confronts a neoliberal paradigm that during the decade of the eighties tended to privatize all basic services among which the privatization of sanitization companies can be highlighted as it led to the elimination of the state management of wateraccess. Through a spatial analysis, the data obtained from the different orthophotogramatic studies with the use of an R.P.A.S dispositive (drone) have been contrasted with census registers about ground property and the extent to which water is provided by private companies. The results revealed that the absence of water infrastructure in the Urban Forest Interface Zone (UFIZ) in which most of the informal settlements of Valparaíso are located generates unequal access to water that maintains and reinforces the conditionsof exclusion and socio-spatial segregation of these. En el Sur Global, el hábitat informal se ha vuelto un modo de desarrollo urbano que se enfrenta en diversas dimensiones a los modelos de desarrollo de los gobiernos locales. El presente artículo analiza los problemas asociados a la inexistencia de cobertura de agua potable, alcantarillado, red seca y colectores de aguas lluvias en los asentamientos informales de la ciudad de Valparaíso, Chile, carencia infraestructural generada, en parte, por la privatización del agua dentro del modelo neoliberal chileno a partir de la década de 1980. Para ello, se realizó un análisis espacial que contrastó información obtenida de diversos relevamientos ortofotogramétricos mediante un dispositivo R.P.A.S (dron), con datos censal de propiedad de suelo y cifras de la cobertura de agua de las empresas privadas. Los resultados revelaron que la ausencia de infraestructura hídrica de la Zona de Interfaz Urbano Forestal (ZIUF) en la que se localizan la mayoría de los asentamientos informales de Valparaíso genera un acceso desigual al agua que mantiene y refuerza las condiciones de exclusión y segregación socioespacial de los mismos. Dans les pays du Sud, l’habitat informel est devenu un mode de développement urbain confronté aux modèles de développement des gouvernements locaux à divers niveaux. Dans le cas du Chili, il est confronté à un néolibéralisme qui, dans les années 80, avait tendance à privatiser tous les services publics, en mettant l’accent sur infrastructures de l’eau et en éliminant la gestion de l’État de l’accès à l’eau. Cet article analyse les problèmes liés au manque decouverture d’eau potable, d’assainissement, de collecteurs d’eau de pluie et de réseau d´hydrant dans les quartiers informels de la ville de Valparaíso, le manque d’infrastructures généré en partie par la privatisation de l’eau du modèle néolibéral chilien. Pour cela, une analyse spatiale a été réalisée en combinant les informations obtenues à partir de relevé ortho photogrammétriques à l’aide d’un appareil R.P.A.S (drone), avec des informations de recensementsur la propriété des terres et des données sur la couverture d´eau donnés par les entreprises privées. Les résultats ont révélé que l’absence d’infrastructures hydrauliques dans la zone d’interface de foresterie urbaine (ZIFU) dans laquelle la plupart des quartiers informels de Valparaíso sont situés, génère un accès inégal à l’eau qui maintient et renforce les conditions d’exclusion et de ségrégation socio-spatiale de ceux-ci. Este artigo analisa as implicações da falta de cobertura de água potável, esgoto, rede seca e coletores de águas chuvas nos assentamentos informais da cidade de Valparaíso, falta de infra-estrutura gerada em parte pela privatização da água dentro do modelo neoliberal chileno. No Sul Global, o habitat informal tornou-se um modo de desenvolvimento urbano que enfrenta em diferentes dimensões os modelos de desenvolvimento dos governos locais e, no caso do Chile, um neoliberalismo que na década dos anos ochenta tendeu a privatizar todos os serviços básicos, destacando a privatização das empresas de águas sanitárias, e eliminando agestão estatal do acesso à água. Nesta pesquiza foi realizada uma análise espacial que contrastou informações obtidas de vários levantamentos ortofotogramétricos por meio de um dispositivo R.P.A.S (drone), com informações obtidas do Censo de População e Vivenda, de propriedade da terra e dados de cobertura de água de empresas privadas. Os resultados revelarão que a falta de infraestrutura hídrica na zona de interface urbano florestal, onde estão localizados a maioria dos assentamentos informais em Valparaíso, cria acesso desigual à água que mantém e reforça as condições de exclusão e segregação socioespacial destes. 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