Modern architecture: bridge for the dignity of popular housing in Colombia
This article is the result of the research advanced as a undergraduate alternative as a contribution to the APQUA hotbed of the PAME research group of the University of Boyacá. Modern architecture had a valuable participation in the process of dignification of popular housing in Colombia. Following...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Formato: | Online |
| Idioma: | spa |
| Publicado em: |
Universidad de Boyacá
2021
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| Acesso em linha: | https://revistasdigitales.uniboyaca.edu.co/index.php/designia/article/view/616 |
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| Resumo: | This article is the result of the research advanced as a undergraduate alternative as a contribution to the APQUA hotbed of the PAME research group of the University of Boyacá.
Modern architecture had a valuable participation in the process of dignification of popular housing in Colombia. Following the industrialization process that began in Colombia between the 1830s and 1850s (Major Mora, 2002), the problem of shortage and low housing quality for the popular sector intensified due to the migration of peasants to the city in search of job opportunities and high demand for labor. The Colombian State, before 1918, did not pay the required attention to this situation; precarious housing conditions and lack of hygiene directly affected families and the city.
In the course of the research, in research into modern architecture in Colombia and the development and evolution of popular housing, it was found that, initially, it was Catholic religious communities and charities that cared about such a daunting landscape and began housing construction with a participatory social scheme, together with the beneficiaries , with designs that responded to the basic parameters of modern architecture in terms of lighting, ventilation, spaciousness and flexibility of spaces; these were the first decent homes for popular classes in the country.
In the early 1920s, the government issued laws aimed at promoting the construction of popular housing under guidelines that applied modern basic parameters, which guaranteed the well-being of low-income families. These new housing projects were designed by Colombian architects who came to the country from Europe after finishing their studies there, influenced by the new trends of modern architecture. It was a time when the architect began to play a fundamental role in the development of Colombian cities.
The application of the concepts of modern architecture in popular buildings configured hygienic, comfortable, flexible and progressive spaces, providing a dignified home to the working class, a victim until then of the forgetfulness of the state, which for a long time ignored their needs and rights. The popular dwelling, built with economic materials and applying the principles of lighting, ventilation and spaciousness of spaces, gave new hope and improved the conditions of a social class affected by the housing deficit; this takes a 180-degree turn to the situation, because from this moment on, modern architecture is no longer exclusively for the upper classes, but becomes a solution for various problems of the middle and lower classes.
In the late 1960s, the state began to involve real estate companies in these popular housing projects, as it was expensive to design by renowned architects, who charged high sums of money for their work. In addition, budgets for these homes decreased, which discouraged many architects who wanted to generate quality, but for this it required a fair investment. In conclusion, that quality of popular housing that had been achieved thanks to the application of the parameters of modern architecture during the first half of the twentieth century, began to decrease progressively, gradually losing the achievements achieved.
What happened in later years was the path to the current critical situation presented by housing of social interest. Since the creation of the National Housing System of Social Interest in 1991, composed of public and private entities, the family housing allowance was established, which meant a substantial change in the role of the State in solving the popular housing problem, since it went from being a promoter, to simply a market facilitator.
The research envisages a comparison between popular housing influenced by modern architecture and today’s social housing. Currently, housing regulations of social interest focus on the requirement of minimum dimensions of spaces with a defined destination; fundamental aspects of decent housing such as spatiality and indoor free areas, lighting and ventilation, landscape treatment in developments, communal facilities, access to public transport, among others, are no longer taken into account. What should be a right is now a privilege that, unfortunately, most people “benefited” with Social Interest Housing do not have. |
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